WPAI skalė per 6 klausimus įvertina darbo produktyvumo ir veiklų sumažėjimą per pastarąsias 7 dienas. WPAI rezultatai pateikiami kaip sutrikimų procentai: didesni skaičiai rodo didesnį sutrikimą ir mažesnį produktyvumą, t. y. blogesnius rezultatus.
WPAI yra 3 formos, būtent WPAI-GH (General Health), kur kalbama apie bendrą darbuotojo sveikatą, WPAI-SHP (Specific Health Problems), kur atsižvelgiama į specifinę būklę/ligą, WPAI-GH/SHP (-GH ir -SHP derinys) ir WPAI+CIQ:AS (Allergy Specific, įskaitant CIQ (Classroom Impairment Questions)), kur atsižvelgiama į alergijų gretutinius veiksnius.
WPAI matuojami komponentai ir bendrieji principai
The WPAI yeilds four types of scores: 1. Absenteeism (work time missed)2. Presenteesism (impairment at work / reduced on-the-job effectiveness)3. Work productivty loss (overall work impairment / absenteeism plus presenteeism)4.
WPAI outcomes are expressed as impairment percentages, with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity, i.e., worse outcomes, as follows:
Struktūra ir klausimų rinkiniai pagal versijas
Questions:1 = currently employed2 = hours missed due to health problems3 = hours missed other reasons4 = hours actually worked5 = degree health affected productivity while working6 = degree health affected regular activities
Taip pat skaitykite: WPAI aktyvumo sumažėjimo vertinimas
Questions:1 = currently employed2 = hours missed due to specified problem3 = hours missed other reasons4 = hours actually worked5 = degree problem affected productivity while working6 = degree problem affected regular activities
Questions:1 = currently employed2a = hours missed due to specified problem2b = hours missed due to other health problems2c = hours missed other reasons3 = hours actually worked4a = degree problem affected productivity while working4b = degree other health problems affected productivity while working5a = degree problem affected regular activities5b = degree other health problems affected regular activities
Questions:1 = currently employed2 = hours usually work3 = hours missed due to allergy4 = degree allergy affected productivity while working5 = currently student6 = hours usually attend class7 = hours class time missed due to allergy8 = degree allergy affected productivity while in class9 = degree allergy affected regular activities
WPAI-GH: Bendros sveikatos forma
WPAI:GH
WPAI outcomes are expressed as impairment percentages, with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity, i.e., worse outcomes, as follows:
Taip pat skaitykite: Kriterijai darbingumo lygiui nustatyti
- Percent work time missed due to health: Q2/(Q2+Q4)
- Percent impairment while working due to health: Q5/10
- Percent overall work impairment due to health: Q2/(Q2+Q4)+[(1-(Q2/(Q2+Q4)))x(Q5/10)]
- Percent activity impairment due to health: Q6/10
Scores:Multiply scores by 100 to express in percentages.
Taikymo apribojimai ir interpretavimo niuansai
Some individuals with severe symptoms or problems do not consistently report their symptom impairment as a health impairment and this inconsistency of response affected the validity and reproducibility testing.Different ethnic groups may respond to the term 'health' differentlyIt is not proven whether the subjects with lower schooling levels would have been able to answer the questionnaire in the self-administered form.
WPAI-SHP: Specifinės sveikatos problemos
WPAI:SHP
WPAI outcomes are expressed as impairment percentages, with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity, i.e., worse outcomes, as follows:
- Percent work time missed due to problem: Q2/(Q2+Q4)
- Percent impairment while working due to problem: Q5/10
- Percent overall work impairment due to problem: Q2/(Q2+Q4)+[(1-(Q2/(Q2+Q4)))x(Q5/10)]
- Percent activity impairment due to problem: Q6/10
Scores: Multiply scores by 100 to express in percentages.
Taip pat skaitykite: Kas priklauso vienkartinė kompensacija?
WPAI-SHP is most appropriate for limited or local conditions (e.g. Reading an article regarding the development of WPAI-GH or Reviewing assessment manual.
Kompozitinė WPAI-GH/SHP versija
WPAI:GH/SHP
The sum of specific health problem impairment and impairment due to other health reasons is equal to impairment due to all health reasons.
- Percent work time missed due to problem: Q2a/(Q2a+Q2b+Q3)
- Percent impairment while working due to problem: Q4a/10
- Percent overall work impairment due to problem: Q2a/(Q2a+Q2b+Q3) + {(1-(Q2a+Q2b)/(Q2a+Q2b+Q3)) x Q4a/10
- Percent activity impairment due to problem: Q5a/10
- Percent work time missed due to all health: (Q2a+Q2b)/(Q2a+Q2b+Q3)
- Percent impairment while working due to all health: (Q4a+Q4b)/10
- Percent overall work impairment due to all health: (Q2a+Q2b)/(Q2a+Q2b+Q3) + {(1-(Q2a+Q2b)/(Q2a+Q2b+Q3)) x (Q4a+Q4b)/10
- Percent activity impairment due to all health: (Q5a+Q5b)/10
Scores:Multiply scores by 100 to express in percentages.
WPAI+CIQ:AS alergijoms (darbas ir klasė)
WPAI:AS
WPAI outcomes are expressed as impairment percentages, with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity, i.e., worse outcomes, as follows:
- Percent work time missed due to allergy: Q3/Q2
- Percent impairment while working due to allergy: Q4/10
- Percent overall work impairment due to allergy: (Q3/Q2)+[(1-(Q3/Q2))x(Q4/10)]
- Percent class time missed due to allergy: Q7/Q6
- Percent impairment in the classroom due to allergy: Q8/10
- Percent overall classroom impairment due to allergy: (Q7/Q6)+[(1-(Q7/Q6))x(Q8/10)]
- Percent activity impairment due to allergy: Q9/10
Scores:Multiply scores by 100 to express in percentages.
Psichometrinis pagrįstumas ir validumas skirtingose populiacijose
Reumatoidinis artritas
Rheumatoid arthritis: (Zhang et al., 2010)Adequate to Excellent convergent validity between WPAI outcomes and health status outcomes (r = 0.36 - 0.77)Spearman correlation between WPAI outcomes and health status outcomesFunctionPainGlobal assess. on health impactFatigueGlobal assess.
Lėtiniai pacientų globėjai
Caregiver of chronically ill older patients: (Giovannetti et al., 2009; n = 308; mean age = 61.8 (15.1) years; WPAI:CG for caregivers)
Construct validity of the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire across informal caregivers of chronically ill older patients.
| Characteristic | Employed (n =125) | Nonemployed (n =183) | Total (n =383) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 153.4 (12.0) | 67.5 (14.1) | 61.8 (15.1) |
| Female | 71.2% | 71.6% | 71.4% |
| Married | 156.8% | 71.6% | 68.5% |
| Adult child CG | 170.4% | 26.8% | 44.5% |
| Spousal CG | 116.8% | 66.0% | 46.1% |
| >= 1 child in CG household | 127.2% | 11.5% | 17.9% |
| CG receives additional help from family/friends | 257.6% | 42.1% | 48.4% |
| CG receives additional paid help | 8.8% | 7.7% | 8.1% |
| CG has at least a HS education | 197.6% | 78.1% | 86.0% |
| CG reports not enough money | 9.6% | 12.0% | 11.0% |
| CG helps patient daily | 144.8% | 72.7% | 61.4% |
| Ave. hrs. of assistance/week | 116.6 (18.6) | 30.0 (30.0) | 24.7 (26.8) |
| Ave. # of ADL tasks CG assists with | .9 (1.5) | 1.1 (1.5) | 1.0 (1.5) |
Migrena: epizodinė ir lėtinė
Episodic or Chronic Migraine: (Ford et al., 2023; n = 444 migraine patients (Episodic migraine = 261, Chronic migraine = 183); mean age = 45.9 (11.81); female = 381 (85.8%)Patient baseline demographics and clinical characteristicsCharacteristicOverall(n = 444)EMa(n = 261)CMb(n = 261)Age (years)45.89 (11.81)46.34 (11.35)45.23 (12.44)Gender (women)381 (85.8%)222 (85.1%)159 (86.9%)Years since migraine diagnosis23.34 (13.58)22.52 (12.92)24.52 (14.43)Monthly migraine headache days13.12 (5.90)9.30 (2.84)18.58 (4.72)WPAI absenteeism score*9.37 (17.85)8.22 (15.65)11.03 (20.57)WPAI presenteeism score*42.75 (23.24)38.70 (24.65)48.70 (19.62)WPAI overall work productivity loss score*46.86 (25.69)42.42 (26.92)53.29 (22.39)WPAI non-work-related activity impairment score50.97 (23.91)48.01 (24.96)55.19 (21.71)MSQ-RFRc score45.05 (17.16)48.05 (15.79)40.77 (18.15)MSQ-RFPd score63.78 (19.15)65.38 (18.78)61.50 (1949)*Scores were computed only for employed individuals.aEM = episodic migraine-defined as 4 to 14 migraine headache days and <15 headache days per 30-day period in the prospective baseline period. Patients with 4 to <8 migraine headache days and 15-29 headache days per 30-day period in the prospective baseline period were considered to have episodic migraine.bCM = chronic migraine-defined as 15-29 headache days per 30-day period in the prospective baseline period, of which at least 8 are migraine.cMSQ-RFR = Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire-Role Function-RestrictivedMSQ-RFP = Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire-Role Function-PreventivePatient baseline demographics and clinical characteristics for employed patients*CharacteristicOverall(n = 289)EMa(n = 171)CMb(n = 118)Age (years)43.60 (10.04)43.82 (10.00)43.28 (10.15)Gender (women)245 (84.8%)143 (83.6%)102 (86.4%)Years since migraine diagnosis22.11 (12.45)21.72 (12.55)22.67 (12.33)Monthly migraine headache days13.17 (5.73)9.57 (2.82)18.40 (4.78)WPAI absenteeism score*9.37 (17.85)8.22 (15.65)11.03 (20.57)WPAI presenteeism score*42.75 (23.24)38.70 (24.65)48.70 (19.62)WPAI overall work productivity loss score*46.86 (25.69)42.42 (26.92)53.29 (22.39)WPAI non-work-related activity impairment score49.24 (23.22)46.90 (24.31)52.63 (21.18)MSQ-RFRc score46.21 (16.01)48.29 (14.82)43.20 (17.22)MSQ-RFPd score66.51 (16.93)67.11 (17.27)65.64 (16.47)*Mean scores and standard deviations were calculated based on non-missing values.aEM = episodic migraine-defined as 4 to 14 migraine headache days and <15 headache days per 30-day period in the prospective baseline period.
Depresija: diagnozuota ir nediagnozuota
Workers With Diagnosed and Undiagnosed Depression: (Asami et al., 2015; n = 17,820 workers responding to the 2011 National Health & Wellness Survey in Japan; male = 62%; mean age = 44.19 (12.80); Absenteeism and overall work impairment analyses included 16,906 of the total workers, while presenteeism included 17,428; Japanese versions of the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) Questionnaire and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9))
The interaction between PHQ-9 scores and depression diagnosis was not significant for absenteeism, but was significant for overall work impairment, presenteeism, and activity impairment (all p < 0.01).Adjusted mean percentage impairments per subgroup indicate the effects of PHQ-9 on productivity were in all cases stronger in the undiagnosed than in the diagnosed group, respectively.For overall work impairment, among the undiagnosed, the PHQ-9 score of 10 or more vs. less than 10 was associated with 33.3% vs. 14.8% (i.e., 2.25 times as much) impairment, respectively, while among the diagnosed, the difference was 51.9% vs. 33.0% (1.57 times as much.For absenteeism, among those with undiagnosed depression, PHQ-9 scores of 10 or more vs. less than 10 were associated with 5.9% vs. 2.2% absenteeism (2.72 times as much), while among those with diagnosed depression, the difference was 16.0% vs. 8.0% (2.00 times as much), adjusting for covariates.For presenteeism, among the undiagnosed, PHQ-9 scores of 10 or more vs. less than 10 were associated with 30.4% vs. 13.4% presenteeism (2.26 times as much), while among the diagnosed, the difference was 45.2% vs.
Skoringas ir rezultatų interpretavimas
Bendros taisyklės
- Multiply scores by 100 to express in percentages.
Percent work time missed due to health: Q2/(Q2+Q4)
Percent impairment while working due to health: Q5/10
Percent overall work impairment due to health: Q2/(Q2+Q4)+[(1-(Q2/(Q2+Q4)))x(Q5/10)]
Percent activity impairment due to health: Q6/10
Percent work time missed due to problem: Q2/(Q2+Q4)
Percent impairment while working due to problem: Q5/10
Percent overall work impairment due to problem: Q2/(Q2+Q4)+[(1-(Q2/(Q2+Q4)))x(Q5/10)]
Percent activity impairment due to problem: Q6/10
Percent work time missed due to problem: Q2a/(Q2a+Q2b+Q3)
Percent impairment while working due to problem: Q4a/10
Percent overall work impairment due to problem: Q2a/(Q2a+Q2b+Q3) + {(1-(Q2a+Q2b)/(Q2a+Q2b+Q3)) x Q4a/10
Percent activity impairment due to problem: Q5a/10
Percent work time missed due to all health: (Q2a+Q2b)/(Q2a+Q2b+Q3)
Percent impairment while working due to all health: (Q4a+Q4b)/10
Percent overall work impairment due to all health: (Q2a+Q2b)/(Q2a+Q2b+Q3) + {(1-(Q2a+Q2b)/(Q2a+Q2b+Q3)) x (Q4a+Q4b)/10
Percent activity impairment due to all health: (Q5a+Q5b)/10
Percent work time missed due to allergy: Q3/Q2
Percent impairment while working due to allergy: Q4/10
Percent overall work impairment due to allergy: (Q3/Q2)+[(1-(Q3/Q2))x(Q4/10)]
Percent class time missed due to allergy: Q7/Q6
Percent impairment in the classroom due to allergy: Q8/10
Percent overall classroom impairment due to allergy: (Q7/Q6)+[(1-(Q7/Q6))x(Q8/10)]
Percent activity impairment due to allergy: Q9/10
tags: #darbingumo #ir #aktyvumo #skale #wpai